The analysis was based on data released by IBGE, Rais, MEC and Softex
On December 1st, the Union of Computer Companies of Rio de Janeiro (TI Rio) released the main results of the “Research on the IT sector in Rio de Janeiro”. According to Benito Paret, president of the entity, it is the largest study ever carried out on the software and services sector in the state, with databases from different sources, such as IBGE, Rais, MEC and Softex, covering the period between 2007 and 2013. He believes that it will be possible to formulate public policies for the sector with greater consistency. The work addresses topics such as salaries, jobs and performance of companies in the sector.
According to the assessment, in recent years the concentration of gross revenue in the Brazilian software and services sector has increased. Companies headquartered in the state of São Paulo reached 62.4% of the total revenue generated throughout the country. The index is the result of a permanent evolution since 2008, when it appeared with 53.3%. In the opposite direction, Rio de Janeiro fell from 201TP1Q in 2008 to 17.61TP1Q in 2013. When compared to the state GDP, however, there was growth in the sector's revenue, which went from 2.91TP1Q to 3.21TP1Q in the period.
The survey indicates the existence of 33,832 establishments in the country, with a significant concentration in the state of São Paulo, with 11,505. Rio de Janeiro has 3,103 establishments with more than one employee, with an average annual growth of 6.4%. By main activity, the repair and maintenance segment leads with 9,372 establishments, of which 2630 in São Paulo and 845 in Rio. The activity of portals and content providers is the fastest growing, with a national annual average of 42.4%.
In Rio de Janeiro the survey identified that 89% of companies have less than 20 employees. Among the 11% classified in the right stratum range (over 19 employees) are eight that account for 66.4% of the sector's net revenue in the state.
Among software and services companies in the state of Rio de Janeiro, the highest annual percentage growth was registered in the municipality of Campos, with 22.2%, followed by Macaé and Petrópolis, both with 10%. The capital comes next with 6.3%. Rio Bonito (-18.1%) and Rio das Flores (-16.7%) registered declines. The concentration of companies remains in the capital, with 67.5%, followed by Niterói, with 5%.
Luiz Carlos Sá Carvalho, director of TI Rio, explains that the study was based on the classifications defined by the IBGE. In this way, the businesses were distributed in groups formed by the ESS (software and services companies) and the EstSS (software and services companies). The ESS data are allocated in the companies' headquarters states. As for the EstSS, the place where the activity was carried out is valid. There are also companies classified as the right stratum, which have more than 19 employees.
The total number of employees in software and services companies in the state was 49,430, with an average annual growth of 6.3%. The biggest concentration was in the custom development activity, with 12,164 people and an average annual growth of 20.5% in the 2007/2013 period.
Salary
The average salary of professionals calculated in the software and services sector was R$5.082.00, with the top occupied by IT services directors, with R$12.796.00 and at the bottom, office machine operators, with R$1 .603.00. The largest concentration of professionals (61.3%) occupies the position of computer systems analyst, with an average salary of around R$5,500.00.
According to the study, average wages grew by 2.2% per year, while the number of professionals rose by 8.3%, when ten occupational families were analyzed. The one that registered the greatest growth was that of data transmission technicians, with 20.1%. And the biggest drop was that of office machine operators, with -5.8%.
The annual salary mass growth reached 135.6% in the state of São Paulo, compared to a national average of 69.2%. Much higher than in Rio de Janeiro, which was 38.2%. In two of the nine activities analyzed in this item, Rio stood out. The wage bill for technical support and maintenance grew by 17.4%, compared to the national average of 5.5% and 1.4% in São Paulo and in equipment repairs and maintenance, with 35.3% in Rio, 31.8% in the country and 31.1% in São Paulo.
Formation
The survey also points out that the training of qualified IT professionals in the state showed little growth during the period. The number of students enrolled in IT bachelor/degree courses grew from 1,008 to 1,533. The number of technologists rose from 2,072 to 2,853. In the case of high school there was a drop. It went from 18,713 students in 2004 to 11,873 students in 2012.
The number of bachelor's degree courses, on the other hand, grew from 74 in 2006 to 86 in 2012. However, the offer of courses for technologists decreased: from 80 in 2006 to 56 in 2012.
In postgraduate studies and research in the field of computer science, the 2009 data registered nine master's and three doctoral courses. With 159 students having completed a master's degree (17.8% of graduates in the country) and 26 a doctorate (22.6% of graduates in the country).
Benito Paret states that the research will be useful for institutions and governments to design public policies, for development agencies to structure support policies, for educational institutions to project more clearly the types of courses to be offered and for companies in the sector to organize themselves for the better taking advantage of market opportunities. Sá de Carvalho highlighted that the study shows the great heterogeneity of the sector, which demands different types of attention for each branch of activity.
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